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FOR 2690 Project-related Publications, funded

  1. Abbasi Z, Behrendt M, da Silva Soares S, Rukwied R, Schmelz M, Solinski HJ. Direct sensitizing and activating effects of interleukin 31 are restricted to a single, functionally and transcriptionally classified porcine DRG neuron subtype. bioRxiv 2026:2026.2004.2010.717660. doi:10.64898/2026.04.10.717660
  2. Agelopoulos K, Renkhold L, Wiegmann H, Dugas M, Suer A, Zeidler C, Schmelz M, Pereira MP, Stander S. Transcriptomic, Epigenomic, and Neuroanatomic Signatures Differ in Chronic Prurigo, Atopic Dermatitis, and Brachioradial Pruritus. J Invest Dermatol 2023;143(2):264–272 e263. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.042
  3. Baka P, Segelcke D, Birklein F, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Bigalke S, Suer A, Dugas M, Lang LS, Sommer C, Papagianni A. Phenotyping peripheral neuropathies with and without pruritus: a cross-sectional multicenter study. Pain 2024;165(12):2840–2850. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003300
  4. Choi D, Goodwin G, Stevens EB, Soliman N, Namer B, Denk F. Spontaneous activity in peripheral sensory nerves: a systematic review. Pain 2024;165(5):983–996. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003115
  5. Ciotu CI, Kistner K, Kaindl U, Millesi F, Weiss T, Radtke C, Kremer A, Schmidt K, Fischer MJM. Schwann cell stimulation induces functional and structural changes in peripheral nerves. Glia 2023;71(4):945–956. doi:10.1002/glia.24316
  6. Darabos D, Troglio A, Fiebig A, Maxion A, Kutafina E, Namer B, Bognar G, Kovacs P. Explainable Spike Detection Algorithm on C-fiber Microneurography Data using Weighted Hermite Variable Projection Neural Networks. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2025:1–7. doi:10.1109/EMBC58623.2025.11253764
  7. Dehghan Nayyeri M, Missler M, Ritterbach R, Sundermann B, Wulms N, Suer A, Dugas M, Pereira MP, Stander S, Schmelz M, Pfleiderer B. Altered resting-state functional connectivity of default mode network in brachioradial pruritus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022;36(11):2214–2223. doi:10.1111/jdv.18411
  8. Eck J, Bigalke S, Schmelz M, Rosenberger DC, Pradier B, Rutsch F, Sommer C, Birklein F, Segelcke D, Pogatzki-Zahn E. Reduced Descending Itch Inhibition in Peripheral Neuropathy Patients With Chronic Pruritus. Eur J Pain 2026;30(1):e70190. doi:10.1002/ejp.70190
  9. Elwes MR, Namer B, Troglio A, Kirsten T, Beyan O, Kutafina E. Harmonizing Microneurography Metadata with Local Data Hubs: A Concept. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024;316:358–359. doi:10.3233/SHTI240420
  10. Fiebig A, Leibl V, Oostendorf D, Lukaschek S, Frombgen J, Masoudi M, Kremer AE, Strupf M, Reeh P, Dull M, Namer B. Peripheral signaling pathways contributing to non-histaminergic itch in humans. J Transl Med 2023;21(1):908. doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04698-z
  11. Gibbs BF, Patsinakidis N, Raap U. Role of the Pruritic Cytokine IL-31 in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2019;10:1383. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01383
  12. Gray N, Limberg MM, Brauer AU, Raap U. Novel functions of S1P in chronic itchy and inflammatory skin diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022;36(3):365–372. doi:10.1111/jdv.17764
  13. Gray N, Limberg MM, Wiebe D, Weihrauch T, Langner A, Brandt N, Brauer AU, Raap U. Differential Upregulation and Functional Activity of S1PR1 in Human Peripheral Blood Basophils of Atopic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(24). doi:10.3390/ijms232416117
  14. Gray N, Wiebe D, Weihrauch T, Raap U, Limberg MM. Density Gradient Centrifugation-Independent Purification of Human Basophils. Curr Protoc 2024;4(2):e991. doi:10.1002/cpz1.991
  15. Guseva D, Rudrich U, Kotnik N, Gehring M, Patsinakidis N, Agelopoulos K, Stander S, Homey B, Kapp A, Gibbs BF, Ponimaskin E, Raap U. Neuronal branching of sensory neurons is associated with BDNF-positive eosinophils in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2020;50(5):577–584. doi:10.1111/cea.13560
  16. Herta T, Franke A, Muller T, Stein K, Bantel H, Gunther R, Denk G, Reuken PA, Schattenberg JM, Naumann U, Bottler T, Weber A, Zeuzem S, Hinz M, Greinert R, Berg C, Wissniowski TT, Simon KG, Trebicka J, Behrens R, Grummer H, Hofmann WP, Dikopoulos N, Sarrazin C, Roeb E, Muche M, Ringelhan M, Teufel A, Merle U, Keitel V, Marquardt JU, Kautz A, Tacke F, Piotrowski K, Koppe-Bauernfeind N, Trautwein C, Berg T, Wiegand J, Kremer AE. Pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis: insights from the German PBC registry across secondary and tertiary care. Ann Hepatol 2025;31(1):102140. doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2025.102140
  17. Hirschfield GM, Bowlus CL, Jones DEJ, Kremer AE, Mayo MJ, Tanaka A, Andreone P, Jia J, Jin Q, Macias-Rodriguez RU, Cobitz AR, Currie BM, Gorey C, Lazic I, Podmore D, Ribeiro A, Shannon JB, Swift B, McLaughlin MM, Levy C, Group GS. Linerixibat in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and cholestatic pruritus (GLISTEN): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2026;11(1):22–33. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(25)00192-X
  18. Hussain N, Motta RV, Gungabissoon U, Casillas L, Mukherjee S, Ribeiro A, McLaughlin MM, Hagan K, Bhandal K, Rogers P, Walmsley M, Ferguson J, Kremer AE, Culver EL, Trivedi PJ. Pruritus is common in primary sclerosing cholangitis, persists over time, and its intensity is associated with disease severity: a multicentre, prospective observational study. Hepatology 2025. doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000001634
  19. Karatza E, Swift B, Carreno F, Mukherjee S, Casillas L, Lennie J, Fettiplace J, McLaughlin MM, Kremer AE. Serum bile acid change correlates with improvement in pruritus in patients with primary biliary cholangitis receiving linerixibat. Liver Int 2024;44(9):2293–2302. doi:10.1111/liv.15982
  20. Konradi P, Troglio A, Perez Garriga A, Perez Martin A, Rohrig R, Namer B, Kutafina E. PyDapsys: an open-source library for accessing electrophysiology data recorded with DAPSYS. Front Neuroinform 2023;17:1250260. doi:10.3389/fninf.2023.1250260
  21. Korner J, Howard D, Solinski HJ, Mancilla Moreno M, Haag N, Fiebig A, Maxion A, Bhuiyan SA, Toklucu I, Bott RA, Sankaranarayanan I, Tavares-Ferreira D, Shiers S, Inturi NN, Eberhardt E, Ernst L, Bonaguro L, Schulte-Schrepping J, Beyer MD, Stiehl T, Renthal W, Kurth I, Tigerholm J, Serra J, Price TJ, Schmelz M, Namer B, Tripathy S, Lampert A. Molecular architecture of human dermal sleeping nociceptors. Cell 2026;189(6):1820–1835 e1822. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.048
  22. Kotnik N, Langner A, Meyer NH, Pas HH, Gibbs BF, Meijer JM, Diercks GFH, Horvath B, Raap U. Infiltration analysis of eosinophils and basophils and co-expression of CD69, CD63, IL-31 and IgE in patients with bullous and non-bullous pemphigoid. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024;38(3):e278–e281. doi:10.1111/jdv.19593
  23. Kremer AE, Mayo MJ, Hirschfield GM, Levy C, Bowlus CL, Jones DE, Johnson JD, McWherter CA, Choi YJ. Seladelpar treatment reduces IL-31 and pruritus in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatology 2024;80(1):27–37. doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000728
  24. Kutafina E, Troglio A, de Col R, Rohrig R, Rossmanith P, Namer B. Decoding Neuropathic Pain: Can We Predict Fluctuations of Propagation Speed in Stimulated Peripheral Nerve? Front Comput Neurosci 2022;16:899584. doi:10.3389/fncom.2022.899584
  25. Kwatra SG, Yosipovitch G, Legat FJ, Reich A, Paul C, Simon D, Naldi L, Lynde C, De Bruin-Weller MS, Nahm WK, Sauder M, Gharib R, Barbarot S, Szepietowski JC, Conrad C, Fleischer A, Laquer VT, Misery L, Serra-Baldrich E, Lapeere H, Ahmad F, Jabbar Lopez ZK, Piketty C, Stander S, Investigators O. Phase 3 Trial of Nemolizumab in Patients with Prurigo Nodularis. N Engl J Med 2023;389(17):1579–1589. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2301333
  26. Levy C, Younossi ZM, Mayo MJ, Kremer AE, Pate J, Ieyoub J, Zincavage R, Padilla B, Ito D, Perez CFM. Assessment of PBC Pruritus From the ITCH-E Study: Quality of Life, Productivity, and Treatment Experiences. Liver Int 2025;45(9):e70276. doi:10.1111/liv.70276
  27. Limberg MM, Weihrauch T, Gray N, Ernst N, Hartmann K, Raap U. Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils in Bullous Pemphigoid. Biomolecules 2023;13(7). doi:10.3390/biom13071019
  28. Limberg MM, Wiebe D, Gray N, Weihrauch T, Brauer AU, Kremer AE, Homey B, Raap U. Functional expression of TRPV1 in human peripheral blood basophils and its regulation in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2024;79(1):225–228. doi:10.1111/all.15802
  29. Lukaschek K, Bali KK, Agelopoulos K, Kaplan M, Ständer S, Rukwied R, Weisshaar E. Nickel(II) sulphate–induced allergic contact dermatitis as experimental tool to investigate inflammatory pruritus in humans. Frontiers in Allergy 2026;7. doi:10.3389/falgy.2026.1786200
  30. Meng J, Moriyama M, Feld M, Buddenkotte J, Buhl T, Szollosi A, Zhang J, Miller P, Ghetti A, Fischer M, Reeh PW, Shan C, Wang J, Steinhoff M. New mechanism underlying IL-31-induced atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.1002
  31. Metz M, Raap U. [Novel aspects of the current guideline for chronic pruritus]. Dermatologie (Heidelb) 2022;73(8):609–612. doi:10.1007/s00105-022-05015-3
  32. Meyer NH, Gibbs B, Schmelz M, Homey B, Raap U. [Neurophysiology of atopic pruritus]. Hautarzt 2018;69(3):204–209. doi:10.1007/s00105-018-4128-3
  33. Monino-Romero S, Kolkhir P, Szepfalusi Z, Schoepke N, Metz M, Asero R, Ferrer M, Gimenez-Arnau A, Grattan CEH, Jakob T, Konstantinou GN, Raap U, Staubach P, Zhang K, Bindslev-Jensen C, Daschner A, Kinaciyan T, Makris M, Marrouche N, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Sussman G, Toubi E, Maurer M, Altrichter S. In chronic spontaneous urticaria soluble FcepsilonRI is elevated and linked to atopy and chronic inducible urticaria. Clin Transl Allergy 2023;13(7):e12272. doi:10.1002/clt2.12272
  34. Muller S, Zeidler C, Stander S. Chronic Prurigo Including Prurigo Nodularis: New Insights and Treatments. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024;25(1):15–33. doi:10.1007/s40257-023-00818-z
  35. Nemmer JM, Kuchner M, Datsi A, Olah P, Julia V, Raap U, Homey B. Interleukin-31 Signaling Bridges the Gap Between Immune Cells, the Nervous System and Epithelial Tissues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:639097. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.639097
  36. Olah P, Raap U, Homey B. Interleukin-31 targeting and other novel drugs in itch. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2026;136(2):141–148. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.007
  37. Olah P, Szlavicz E, Kuchner M, Nemmer J, Zeeuwen P, Lefevre-Utile A, Fyhrquist N, Prast-Nielsen S, Skoog T, Serra A, Rodriguez E, Raap U, Meller S, Gyulai R, Hupe P, Kere J, Levi-Schaffer F, Tsoka S, Alexander H, Nestle FO, Schroder JM, Weidinger S, van den Bogaard E, Soumelis V, Greco D, Barker J, Lauerma A, Ranki A, Andersson B, Alenius H, Homey B. Influence of FLG loss-of-function mutations in host-microbe interactions during atopic skin inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 2022;106(3):132–140. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.04.007
  38. Pakalniskis J, Soares S, Rajan S, Vyshnevska A, Schmelz M, Solinski HJ, Rukwied R, Carr R. Human pain ratings to electrical sinusoids increase with cooling through a cold-induced increase in C-fibre excitability. Pain 2023;164:1524–1536. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002849
  39. Pereira MP, Agelopoulos K, Kollner J, Neufang G, Schmelz M, Stander S. Selective Nerve Fibre Activation in Patients with Generalized Chronic Pruritus: Hint for Central Sensitization? Acta Derm Venereol 2019;99(11):1009–1015. doi:10.2340/00015555-3261
  40. Pereira MP, Butze M, Vera Ayala C, Kolkhir P, Metz M. The Role of Mast Cells in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Prurigo. J Invest Dermatol 2026;146(4):921–929 e921. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.09.365
  41. Pereira MP, Schmelz M, Stander S. Mechanisms and therapeutic targets for neuropathic itch. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022;75:102573. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2022.102573
  42. Pereira MP, Wiegmann H, Stander S. PIEZO1 channels in cutaneous free nerve endings: novel insights into itch-scratch-mechanisms. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023;8(1):4. doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01271-w
  43. Pfab F, Valet M, Sprenger T, Huss-Marp J, Athanasiadis GI, Baurecht HJ, Konstantinow A, Zimmer C, Behrendt H, Ring J, Tolle TR, Darsow U. Temperature modulated histamine-itch in lesional and nonlesional skin in atopic eczema - a combined psychophysical and neuroimaging study. Allergy 2010;65(1):84–94. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02163.x
  44. Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Pereira MP, Cremer A, Zeidler C, Dreyer T, Riepe C, Wempe C, Lotts T, Segelcke D, Ringkamp M, Kremer AE, Agelopoulos K, Stander S. Peripheral Sensitization and Loss of Descending Inhibition Is a Hallmark of Chronic Pruritus. J Invest Dermatol 2020;140(1):203–211 e204. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.029
  45. Raap U, Limberg MM, Kridin K, Ludwig RJ. Pruritus Is Associated with an Increased Risk for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Skin Blistering Diseases: A Propensity-Matched Global Study. Biomolecules 2023;13(3). doi:10.3390/biom13030485
  46. Renkhold L, Wiegmann H, Pfleiderer B, Suer A, Zeidler C, Pereira MP, Schmelz M, Stander S, Agelopoulos K. Scratching increases epidermal neuronal branching and alters psychophysical testing responses in atopic dermatitis and brachioradial pruritus. Front Mol Neurosci 2023;16:1260345. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1260345
  47. Robering JW, Gebhardt L, Wolf K, Kuhn H, Kremer AE, Fischer MJM. Lysophosphatidic acid activates satellite glia cells and Schwann cells. Glia 2019;67(5):999–1012. doi:10.1002/glia.23585
  48. Rukwied R, Schnakenberg M, Solinkski HJ, Schmelz M, Weisshaar E. Transcutaneous Slowly Depolarizing Currents Elicit Pruritus in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2020;100(17):adv00302. doi:10.2340/00015555-3658
  49. Rukwied R, Thomas C, Obreja O, Werland F, Kleggetveit IP, Jorum E, Carr RW, Namer B, Schmelz M. Slow depolarizing stimuli differentially activate mechanosensitive and silent C nociceptors in human and pig skin. Pain 2020;161(9):2119–2128. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001912
  50. Ruppenstein A, Limberg MM, Loser K, Kremer AE, Homey B, Raap U. Involvement of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Pruritus With Special Focus on Receptor Expressions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:627985. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.627985
  51. Schnakenberg M, Thomas C, Schmelz M, Rukwied R. Nerve growth factor sensitizes nociceptors to C-fibre selective supra-threshold electrical stimuli in human skin. Eur J Pain 2021;25(2):385–397. doi:10.1002/ejp.1678
  52. Schneider T, Filip J, Soares S, Sohns K, Carr R, Rukwied R, Schmelz M. Optimized Electrical Stimulation of C-Nociceptors in Humans Based on the Chronaxie of Porcine C-Fibers. J Pain 2023;24(6):957–969. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.009
  53. Schwarzenauer M, Rukwied RM, Lampert A, Rolke R, Namer B. Electrical matrix stimulation suppresses acute itch independently of activation of sleeping nociceptors. Eur J Pain 2024;28(2):285–296. doi:10.1002/ejp.2177
  54. Silverberg JI, Wollenberg A, Reich A, Thaci D, Legat FJ, Papp KA, Stein Gold L, Bouaziz JD, Pink AE, Carrascosa JM, Rewerska B, Szepietowski JC, Krasowska D, Havlickova B, Kalowska M, Magnolo N, Pauser S, Nami N, Sauder MB, Jain V, Padlewska K, Cheong SY, Fleuranceau Morel P, Ulianov L, Piketty C, Arcadia, Investigators AS. Nemolizumab with concomitant topical therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2): results from two replicate, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet 2024;404(10451):445–460. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01203-0
  55. Sohns K, Kostenko A, Behrendt M, Schmelz M, Rukwied R, Carr R. Depolarization of mouse DRG neurons by GABA does not translate into acute pain or hyperalgesia in healthy human volunteers. PLoS ONE 2024;19(8):e0307668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307668
  56. Solinski HJ, Rukwied R. Electrically Evoked Itch in Human Subjects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7:627617. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.627617
  57. Solinski HJ, Rukwied R, Schmelz M. Microinjection of pruritogens in NGF-sensitized human skin. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):21490. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00935-x
  58. Solinski HJ, Schmelz M, Rukwied R. Sustained nerve growth factor-induced C-nociceptor sensitization to electrical sinusoidal stimulation in humans. Pain Rep 2024;9(5):e1190. doi:10.1097/PR9.0000000000001190
  59. Stahl LS, Stander S, Zeidler C. New definitions and subtypes of chronic prurigo. Clin Dermatol 2025;43(5):610–613. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.03.009
  60. Troglio A, Fiebig A, Maxion A, Kutafina E, Namer B. Hybrid knowledge- and data-driven modelling for robust spike detection and sorting in human C-fiber microneurography. Sci Rep-Uk 2026;16(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-026-41561-9
  61. Troglio A, Nickerson A, Schlebusch F, Rohrig R, Dunham J, Namer B, Kutafina E. odML-Tables as a Metadata Standard in Microneurography. Stud Health Technol Inform 2023;307:3–11. doi:10.3233/SHTI230687
  62. Weihrauch T, Gray N, Meyer NH, Loser K, Raap U. Protocol for autofluorescence-driven isolation of human peripheral blood eosinophils. STAR Protoc 2024;5(4):103451. doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103451
  63. Weihrauch T, Gray N, Wiebe D, Schmelz M, Limberg MM, Raap U. TRPV1 Channel in Human Eosinophils: Functional Expression and Inflammatory Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(3). doi:10.3390/ijms25031922
  64. Weihrauch T, Limberg MM, Gray N, Schmelz M, Raap U. Neurotrophins: Neuroimmune Interactions in Human Atopic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(7). doi:10.3390/ijms24076105
  65. Weihrauch T, Melo RCN, Gray N, Voehringer D, Weller PF, Raap U. Eosinophil extracellular vesicles and DNA traps in allergic inflammation. Front Allergy 2024;5:1448007. doi:10.3389/falgy.2024.1448007
  66. Werland F, Hirth M, Rukwied R, Ringkamp M, Turnquist B, Jorum E, Namer B, Schmelz M, Obreja O. Maximum axonal following frequency separates classes of cutaneous unmyelinated nociceptors in the pig. J Physiol 2021;599(5):1595–1610. doi:10.1113/JP280269
  67. Wiebe D, Limberg MM, Gray N, Raap U. Basophils in pruritic skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023;14:1213138. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213138
  68. Wiegmann H, Renkhold L, Zeidler C, Agelopoulos K, Stander S. Interleukin Profiling in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Nodular Prurigo. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(15). doi:10.3390/ijms25158445
  69. Wolf K, Kuhn H, Boehm F, Gebhardt L, Glaudo M, Agelopoulos K, Stander S, Ectors P, Zahn D, Riedel YK, Thimm D, Muller CE, Kretschmann S, Kremer AN, Chien D, Limjunyawong N, Peng Q, Dong X, Kolkhir P, Scheffel J, Sogaard ML, Weigmann B, Neurath MF, Hawro T, Metz M, Fischer MJM, Kremer AE. A Group of Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Activates MRGPRX2 and Induces Scratching Behavior in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.655
  70. Zeidler C, Raap U, Witte F, Stander S. Clinical aspects and management of chronic itch. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023;152(1):1–10. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.018

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